What Is Knee Replacement?

Knee replacement is a surgical procedure in which a damaged or worn-out knee joint is replaced with an artificial implant, known as a prosthesis.
Also called knee replacement arthroplasty, this procedure helps relieve pain and restore function in severely affected knees.

Types of Knee Replacement Surgery:

Your knee replacement specialist will recommend the most suitable procedure based on your condition.
The common types of knee replacement surgery include:

Total Knee Replacement:

Total knee replacement is the most common and comprehensive option. In this procedure, the surgeon replaces all three parts of the knee joint:
the inner (medial), outer (lateral), and the area under the kneecap (patellofemoral).

Also known as a full knee replacement or complete knee replacement operation, it effectively relieves pain
and restores mobility in severely damaged knees.

Partial Knee Replacement:

Partial knee replacement is recommended when only one or two sections of the knee joint are damaged.
The surgeon replaces only the affected area while preserving healthy bone and cartilage.

This option is often suitable for younger patients or those with limited joint damage, offering faster recovery
and a more natural knee movement.

What Conditions Are Treated With Knee Replacement?

Knee replacement surgery is usually recommended when non-surgical treatments no longer relieve symptoms such as
pain, stiffness, or restricted movement. While arthritis is the most common cause, other joint conditions may also
require surgical intervention.

Conditions That May Require Knee Replacement:

• Osteoarthritis: The most common reason for knee replacement. Cartilage wears down over time,
  leading to bone-on-bone friction, pain, and stiffness.
• Rheumatoid Arthritis: An autoimmune disorder causing joint inflammation that can damage cartilage
  and bone, often requiring full knee replacement.
• Post-Traumatic Arthritis: Arthritis that develops after knee injuries such as fractures, ligament tears,
  or meniscus damage caused by accidents or sports injuries.
• Knee Deformities: Bow-legged or knock-kneed alignment that places excessive stress on the joint,
  causing pain and reduced function.
• Loss of Mobility or Function: Difficulty walking, climbing stairs, or standing up due to knee pain
  or stiffness may indicate the need for knee replacement surgery.

Possible Risks and Complications:

Knee replacement surgery, whether total or partial, is generally safe and effective.
However, like any major surgical procedure, it carries some potential risks.
Most complications are rare and manageable with proper medical care.

Potential Risks Include:

• Infection at the incision site or around the knee implant
• Blood clots in the legs (deep vein thrombosis), which may travel to the lungs
• Nerve or blood vessel damage near the surgical area
• Implant-related issues such as loosening, early wear, or improper alignment
• Stiffness or reduced range of motion in the knee
• Persistent knee pain even after a successful procedure
• Scar tissue formation that may limit joint movement

Health Conditions That May Increase Risk:

Please inform your surgeon if you have any of the following conditions:

• Diabetes
• Hemophilia
• Autoimmune disorders such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis